PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma)

A review of three meta-analyses (a meta-analysis combines the results of multiple studies) of low to high quality evidence found that platelet-rich injections improved pain and function as early as two-months after treatment. Improvement peaked at six months, with symptomatic relief for up to twelve months. These authors concluded those with early osteoarthritic changes in the knee should consider these injections as a treatment option. These studies also show, however, that the injections are not effective for everyone.

There is no scientific evidence suggesting that the articular cartilage is in any way repaired, or that the rate of arthritic deterioration of the joint is slowed.

About

What is PRP / ACP?

Both Autologous Concentrated Plasma (ACP) also known as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) are injections that are derived from your own blood. Both processes involve spinning or centrifuging the blood until it separates into layers.

The Key Components of Blood:

‘Plasma’ is the liquid component of blood, being mostly water, but it also includes proteins, nutrients, glucose, and antibodies, among other components.

Platelets are a natural part of the blood that help it clot when an injury occurs; a person with defective platelets or too few platelets will bleed excessively. However, platelets, when ‘activated’, can also secrete substances called growth factors and other proteins that regulate cell division, stimulate tissue regeneration, and promote healing. It is these substances that are of interest in PRP and ACP treatments.

White blood cells (WBC), or leukocytes, are your immune system cells. They protect your body against disease and foreign invaders.

Red blood cells (RBC), or erythrocytes, are the most common blood cell and are principally vehicles for transporting oxygen around your body.

When blood is centrifuged, it separates into three layers: Plasma, the “buffy coat”, and the red cell pack.

Notes

Because your own blood is used, there is no risk of transmissible disease or reaction to a foreign body.

There is always the risk of infection with any joint injection, which can be serious.

Local anaesthetic is not used for the injection, so it is likely to cause pain. Patients may experience discomfort for approximately 24 hours after the injection. Simple analgesia such as Panadol, and ice can help alleviate these symptoms. Anti-inflammatory medications should be avoided for 48 hours after the injection so as not to inhibit any healing cascade put into effect by the ACP or PRP. You may return to work and other normal activities immediately after treatment, but should refrain from strenuous activity for a few days.